They are referred to as Box Signs, and they should be lit 24/7, even when the signals are not operating. They are used to ban turns, the most common ones probably being No U Turn and No Left/Right Turn (TSRGD Diagrams 612/613 & 614):

The examples shown up-thread aren't one way signs, they're mandatory turn signs to TSRGD Diagram 606 meaning that you must turn in the direction of the arrow. They're usually paired with green arrows showing the same thing, however sometimes full greens are used (mainly because green arrows in the UK denote priority - for example, if you must turn right, however you do not have priority, then the mandatory turn arrow and a green ball would be used).
It only becomes a one way sign when it is paired with this sign (Dia.607), however this combination is not allowed on traffic signals.

In the image below, there is a No Left Turn in operation. The right turn is also banned, but only for certain vehicles. In this instance two green arrows (straight and right) can't be used as they would imply a priority right turn which isn't the case. To show that right turning vehicles must still give way to oncoming traffic, they have used a green ball which is the correct practice.

The main signs used with traffic signals are:
No Left Turn
No Right Turn
Left Turn Only
Right Turn Only
Ahead Only
No Entry
No U Turn
Exemptions
Others can be authorised, such as buses only or cycles only, like these:

The lights above actually replaced these Mellors that appear all over the internet. They are in Warrington, UK not far from me.

I hope this helps
